The modern Belarusian name for the forest is Biełaviežskaja pušča ( Белавежская пушча), although both the Belarusian authorities and UNESCO use the official Russian name Belovezhskaya pushcha ( Беловежская пуща) from before the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union. The name stems from the white wooden hunting-manor established in the village by Władysław II Jagiełło, the Grand Duke of Lithuania and later King of Poland who enjoyed going on hunting trips in the forest, which was then part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Białowieża means 'White Tower' in Polish. The Białowieża Forest takes its name from the Polish village of Białowieża, which is located in the middle of the forest and was probably one of the first human settlements in the area. Since the border between the two countries runs through the forest, there is a border crossing available for hikers and cyclists. The Białowieża Forest World Heritage site covers a total area of 141,885 ha (1,418.85 km 2 547.82 sq mi). It straddles the border between Poland ( Podlaskie Voivodeship) and Belarus ( Brest and Grodno Regions), and is 70 kilometres (43 miles) north of Brest, Belarus and 62 kilometres (39 miles) southeast of Białystok, Poland. The World Heritage Committee by its decision of June 2014 approved the extension of the UNESCO World Heritage site 'Belovezhskaya Pushcha/Białowieża Forest, Belarus, Poland', which became 'Białowieża Forest, Belarus, Poland'. The forest has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an EU Natura 2000 Special Area of Conservation.

In 2015, the Belarusian Biosphere Reserve occupied the area of 216,200 ha (2,162 km 2 835 sq mi), subdivided into transition, buffer and core zones.

UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme designated the Polish Biosphere Reserve Białowieża in 1976 and the Belarusian Biosphere Reserve Biełavieskaja pušča in 1993. The forest is home to 800 European bison, Europe's heaviest land animal. It is one of the last and largest remaining parts of the immense primeval forest that once stretched across the European Plain. Białowieża Forest is a forest on the border between Belarus and Poland.

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